About the Author: Charles Dickens Childhood
  • Never thought he came from a low class family (he did)
    • Parents threw parites and they had luxury items
    • Father overspent money- more than they had
  • In 1824, Charles aged 12, family moved to debtors prison + two servants
    • Father said "the sun has set on our house forever, we are ruined"
    • Charles and his father always an actor
  • Charles had to quit school and get a job because he was allowed outside the prison
    • caused resentment for parents because he recognized the need for education
  • Worked in a shoe polish factory, then called a blacking warehouse
    • In awful neighborhood and building
      • Worked in standing water which attracted rat infestation- had to wear three layers of socks for rat defence
    • Screwed on caps and applied labels for hours and hours
    • Thought he would be trapped forever
  • Had so much passion and vigor to labeling that he became a window showpiece for wealthy men walking by on the street
    • They placed bets on his misery- huge humiliation for him
  • Charles had lots of pride
    • When he fainted on the job, refused to admit to friend (Bob Fagan?) that he lived in debtors prison
    • Social cast EXTREMELY strong in his head
  • Embarrassed to be son of debtors
  • Couldn't love his mother after she suggested he keep working even after grandma's inheritance got the family out of debtor's prison
  • Considers parents his mental abusers
    • Novels loaded with abused children

Charles Dickens: Notes on Other Works
  • Discovered a torture chamber for children disguised as a school
    • Drop off age 3 pick up age 21, if child survived
    • Wrote book to raise awareness for such institutions called Nicolas Nicklebee
      • Let to revolt agains the social evil- people found and burned the torture facility
  • The Old Curiosity Shop features a tortured girl instead of boy- named nell
    • Book inspired countless other Nell heroines in the future
    • Orphaned from page 1 as usual
    • Compulsive gambling grandpa "takes care" of her
    • Sold over 100,000 copies in a month and caused first ever NYC traffic Jam
    • Readers became extremely attached to Nell, whom he killed in last chapter
  • He releases book 3 chapters at a time, once a month
    • Commercial moneymaking tactic as well as allows books to respond to reader feedback

Date of Publication and Literary Period
  • Published in weekly sections from April to November of 1869
    • Three Chapters per section
  • Best selling novel in history with 200 million copies
  • During the Victorian Literary Period, which Dickens is famous for dominating
    • Trend of fiction with darker themes rather than fairy tale endings
    • Questioned established traditions and institutions
    • Science increasingly valued over church
    • Social problems were the focus of many writings- writers tried to raise awareness of them

French Revolution Notes
My World History Quizlet
  • Inspired by enlightenment ideas of libery, natural rights, and democracy
    • Outlined in the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
    • Aimed to topple and rebuild all institutions, (such as the church and government) inspired by Rousseau
    • Also inspired by Voltaire and Montesquieu who's words inspired ordinary citizens to believe they were born with naturally-deserved freedoms
    • Revolution leaders hoped their declaration would serve as moral outline for the world, not just France
  • French peasants were starving due to failed harvest
  • French government was bankrupted by 7 years war and support of american revolution
  • Nobles seemed unaware and not to care for plight of peasants
  • Peasants suspected of "treason" against nobles often executed without fair trial
  • Storming of Bastille marked the start of the revolution; first violent act
  • France descended into chaos during most of the revolution
  • National assembly was formed by upper peasants, called bourgeoisie, to defy the estates general and king luois XIV
  • Jacobins were a radical branch of the revolution lead by Robspierre
  • Robspierrie took power and executed tens of thousands of nobles in what is known as the Reign of Terror
    • Headed by the ironically named Comittee of Public safety
    • Anyone who was remotely judged to be a slight opposer to the revolution was beheaded or hung, often without trial
    • Even Robspierrie's friend and revolution leader Saint-Just was executed for speaking out against the executions
    • Robspierrie himself was executed in the end of the Reign of Terror
  • Napoleon took power in 1799 ending the chaos and uniting the french people
    • Declared all men equal, catering to enlightenment ideas, so the people accepted his dictatorship
    • Took over nearly all of Europe (except his arch nemesis Britain), supposedly, to spread revolution morals of equal rights and freedom
    • Lost nearly all of his trooops attempting to take over Russia
    • When defeated, the governments of Europe installed Luois XVI as monarch of france, people did not like him
    • Napoleon came back and fought one last battle- was defeated and exiled for life this time in St. Helena